Measuring sustainable production indicators is becoming an important environmental activity due to government directives and increasing awareness among the people to protect the environment and reduce waste. Sustainable production indicators can be used to evaluate the effect of different production and management activities and as a result, a reliable mechanism will be created for monitoring sustainable production performance in achieving company's sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the level of sustainability in Isfahan oil refinery through identifying sustainable production indicators and determining the relationships between them in order to develop sustainable production model and also determining the indicators effects intensity on each other. After reviewing related literature and interviewing with experts, 12 sustainable production indicators in the refinery are identified. Then, using ISM technique relationship between indicators are determined. Also we used fuzzy DEMATEL to determine the intensities of relationships. The results show that implementation of supervision and control, resources with high productivity, technology with high productivity, and optimizing the production schedule to improve productivity are the main indicators in achieving sustainable production in the refinery.

Background and Objective: Given that in today's world, factors such as population growth, increasing efforts to achieve economic growth and production systems to increase production and achieve competitive advantage lead to the loss of natural resources, global warming, climate change, Natural disasters and ultimately environmental degradation and green production has been proposed as an effective factor in reducing environmental pollution and human risks as well as increasing competitive advantage and profitability for organizations. This study aims to design a conceptual model of green production with a modeling approach. An interpretive structure has been developed. Material and Methodology: In this study, which is synthetic and inductive-deductive in terms of data collection method, and was conducted in 1400, and 12 industrial management specialists at the university level participated as panel members in the quality department. In fact, in the qualitative section, which used meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis, the aim was to identify the themes of green production and then in the quantitative section, with the participation of 16 managers of knowledgebased companies in the green production section, the propositions identified in ISM templates should be graded based on influential priority. Therefore, relying on meta-synthesis analysis, the first 12 studies were reviewed as a basis for evaluation to determine the themes of green production based on critical evaluation, based on which eight themes were selected and entered into Delphi analysis in a checklist manner to determine theoretical adequacy. During the two stages of Delphi analysis, all eight identified themes of green production entered the quantitative analysis section, i. e., structural interpretive analysis. Findings: The results showed that the most influential components of green production of knowledgebased companies are the five components of water (C1), energy (C2), natural resources (C3), capital (C5), and labor (C6), which is at the third level of the proposed model. Also, a Mick Mac analysis as a complementary interpretive structural analysis was performed to better understand the research topic. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the factors of energy consumption, water consumption, labor, capital, and raw materials are important factors that any change in them will cause changes in other variables and on the other hand, GDP is with the low impression, and greenhouse gases and technology is the most impression variable.

This study is done to identify affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping with respect to the customer decision-making process. For this purpose, the literature review were used and then using interpretive structural modeling for defining relationships between affecting factors on the improvement of online shopping. To define these relationships, 16 expert opinions on management and information technology were taken. The results show that the model includes seven factors: Channel Quality, Website Quality, Product Features, Advertising, Transaction Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Online Shopping Improvement. Website Quality, Product Features, Transaction Quality have a fundamental role because of high driving power and low dependency. After that, Channel Quality, Advertising, and Customer Satisfaction are at the center of attention. Finally, the goal variable of study-improve online shopping-is placed the third level because of having lowest driving power and highest dependency.

Due to the lack of attractiveness of agricultural entrepreneurship, a significant part of Iran's agricultural capacities has not been properly utilized. This study focused on identifying and analysing the obstacles to developing sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship in Iran. To this end, identifying barriers was conducted using the Fuzzy Delphi method and data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires. In the following, the obstacles were analysed using the ISM approach and with the participation of a group of 8 experts. An interrelationship diagram of the obstacles was designed at five levels. At the fifth level, the fundamental obstacles included a lack of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship development strategies in the country's macro development plans, the dependence of financial resources of the agricultural sector on the government banking system and government subsidies, lack of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship consulting services, insufficient attention to research and low participation on the part of universities and research institutes. This indicates the immense impact of such barriers on the trajectory toward the realization of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship. At the fourth level, lack of binding laws to assure compliance with environmental standards lack of formal training,At the third level: Lack of incentive policies to increase private sector involvement in providing capital for owners of entrepreneurship ideas, a lack of recognition of opportunities in line with the region's climate, lack of distribution channels in the target markets of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship opportunities, and lack of social development toward creating values and establishing innovative and creative sustainable agricultural businesses,At the second level, lack of knowledge on agricultural entrepreneurship opportunities in optimizing cultivation and water consumption patterns, lack of product pricing systems, and inappropriate marketing,and at the first level, lack of investment in knowledge-based and technological opportunities have been identified as the most susceptible obstacles in realizing sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship.

Considering the vital role of Environmental factors alongside industries’ efforts on effective and efficient use of resources as well as nowadays’ social issues, lead to serious attention to sustainable development. On the other hand, the intensity and necessity of environmental considerations in the steel industry, which has decades of history in Iran, has always been emphasized. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the underlying factors of steel industry sustainable development. To this aim, based on prior studies and interviewing experts, the underlying extracted factors scrutinized through ISM approach in order to develop a coherent structure. In the following, the structured factors clustered by MICMAC analysis. In addition, their mutual affects and importance weights, derived by employing ANP on the ISM developed structure. Findings depict that inventory, occupational accidents, human safety and welfare are the most effecting factors of steel industry sustainable development. . .

Auditor's professional skepticism is considered as a behavioral and specialized feature that reduces the cost of representing and promoting the general level of the community. Based on this, recognizing personality and behavioral characteristics in enhancing or reducing doubt on auditors' behavior is a matter of great importance. So this research is understandable, By Interpretative-Structural Analysis It seeks to design a model based on categorizing and differentiating the factors influencing professional auditors' skepticism. The research was conducted in a one-year period between June 2016 and June 2017. The combined research methodology is based on the identification of the factors affecting professional skepticism of the auditors by examining theoretical and theoretical foundations and performing the Delphi analysis with the participation of 16 specialist members as panel members, and in the quantitative part through the formation of the matrix Structural self-analysis is sought after structural and interpretive modeling, in which 12 researchers participated in the research. The results of the research show that, the most basic factors of audit auditor's skepticism at the thirteenth level and the twelfth level of auditor's neutrality are surrounded by audit standards, surrounded by audit skills and surrounded by the rules and regulations of the stock exchange, That these indices are related to the subsidiary autonomy and auditor's expertise in Delphi results. Also, at the highest level and in fact the least effective factor on the professional skepticism of the subsequent auditors is the discretion of the component of accountability as a psychological characteristic.

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the formation of career proactivity.Method: The research method is qualitative and using Interpretive-Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The research community in the literature review section included all related articles, theses and books from 1996 to 2023. In the interview with specialists, the research community included career counseling specialists and industrial and organizational psychologists (including faculty members and consultants working in counseling centers) at 2023. In this research, the data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, pairwise comparison questionnaire and interviews with experts and were analyzed using structural-interpretive modeling and MICMAC analysis. Results: The results showed that 10 factors has an effect on the career proactivity and based on the structural-interpretive model, it contains three levels of independent or key variables, relational and dependent. The proactive behavior variable as an independent and key variable had the most influence and the least dependence compared to the variables mentioned at other levels in the model. Conclusion: Being proactive in career requires being equipped with special behaviors, cognitions and skills that give a person the ability to control, guide and successfully advance the career. Therefore, paying attention to these skills and acquiring competencies related to them provides the basis for enriching career in today's world.

In today’s business world, organizations are continually striving to streamline their operations, increase their ability to respond to the market conditions and find new opportunities to differentiate themselves from their competitors; these conditions have caused them to focus more on business processes and customers. Every research has just discussed one dimension of this process, but they have failed to provide a comprehensive and integrated model including all the dimensions and indicators of business process and the interactions and interconnectedness among them. This paper reviews the literature related to business processes to identify the dimensions and indicators of business processes and then employ an advanced methodology called interpretive structural modeling approach to design an integrated and total business process orientation model. The results indicate that the comprehensive model of business process orientation includes six interactive and interconnected dimensions: structure, belief and attitudes, framework, operations strategy, performance management and process productivity: Reach ability matrix, driver power- dependence matrix and calibration diagram show that process belief and attitude is the key dimension affecting other dimensions. On the other hand, process productivity has the highest level of dependence on other dimensions and functions as an output for business process orientation modeling.

The idea of receiving tax from cash or bank transactions (BTT) (not new) has been used many times in different economic and political fields during the decades since the introduction of financial transaction tax (FTT). This study examines the provision of the optimal model of financial transaction tax (FTT) with an interpretive structural model (ISM). The method of the current research is practical in terms of its purpose and it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data collection. The qualitative research method was qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The participants in the qualitative part of the research were experts in the tax field, and 12 people were interviewed using the theoretical snowball sampling method. The estimation of the desired sample size was done based on the theoretical saturation of the data. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview. The triangulation method and Christiansen angle technique were used to check the validity of the qualitative part. At first, research components were identified through literature and semi-structured interviews with experts. The interviews were coded with three coding methods, open, central and selective, and finally, fifteen components were identified and in the quantitative part, an interpretive structural model was created using MATLAB software to provide an optimal model for financial transaction tax. After that, the position of the identified components was determined using Mikmak software based on influence and dependence. The results show that the structural interpretation model of the study can be presented in five levels. Micmac analysis also showed that the components of the optimal tax pattern are divided into the group of dual, regulatory, independent, leveraged and influential variables. The findings show that the optimal tax model is an unstable system.